ISSUE BUILDING LESSON:
Learning Objectives
State Curricular
Benchmarks
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Strand III, Standard 1: Purposes of Government
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Strand III, Standard 2: Ideals of American
Democracy
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Strand III, Standard 3: Democracy in Action
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Strand IV, Standard 1: Individual and Household
Choices
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Strand V, Standard 1: Information Processing
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Strand VI, Standard 1: Identifying and Analyzing
Issues
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Strand VI, Standard 2: Group Discussion
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Strand VII, Standard 1: Responsible Personal Conduct
Concepts
Utopia Diversity Community
Coalition Consensus Compromise
Responsibility Democracy School Reform
Time needed
This process should take approximately 40-50 minutes, depending upon the class. However, this lesson can easily extend to two class periods if the teacher wants the lesson to go more in-depth. Students often don’t understand the process of how their school is funded, how the system of school reform works and how one goes about changing or modifying that system. Ultimately, the goal of this lesson is to get students thinking about issues in their school and with the public school system in general.
Teaching Strategy
Break students into small groups, of about 4 to 5 students. In these groups explain to them that what they are going to be doing is planning the perfect student-centered school. They will need to think about curriculum, funding, assessment, discipline, etc. You need to ask them pointing questions that will aid in their brainstorming process. Questions could be similar to the following:
· What type of school is this going to be? (public or private) (high school or middle school)
· What type of funding is needed for your chosen school?
· What will your school focus on? Will it be a college-prep curriculum, a vocational curriculum, a curriculum based on the arts, etc.?
· What types of assessment will be used to gauge student learning? Will there be standardized tests? Will you have a portfolio assessment where the student can orally defend his/her “best work”? Or will your assessment be teacher-chosen?
· Will there be “safety nets” (or ways to make up work) for those who don’t pass your assessments?
· What will be the disciplinary measures of the school? What code of conduct will you chose and how will you discipline those who don’t follow that code?
Students will be quick to answer that the school should have no teachers, no discipline, and no tests. However, you need to inform them that without these elements, there will be no funding. One cannot have a school without funding. Inform students that funding comes from the federal, state and local governments to fund and maintain schools. If students don’t take the regulated examinations, that money does not come to the school. Students need to be informed that school funds come from property taxes and are different in differing areas.
Establish a budget for each group and arbitrary prices on what the students suggest for the school. This will show them that there are things which must take precedent in making decisions (a sample list is attached). However, each budget does not have to be the same. One can give one group an inner-city public budget, one a suburban public budget and one a private school budget and see what different things each group can do with the money.
Students will then work out their school and make decisions on what to keep and what to leave out. Often students will want what they can’t afford and have to make concessions to keep funding. Students will inevitably bring up issues that are central to your school when planning their utopian school. This is an excellent gauge for teachers as they can make note of these issues and address them in later lessons.
Assessment Recommendations
For this lesson, oral presentations, accompanied by a group paper, are the best way for assessing student progress. This will give each student a chance to speak about their school. It will also offer those who don’t particularly like speaking in front of groups a way to communicate through the paper.
Give students 1,000,000 dollars to design a suburban public school (add $100,000 if you are taking standardized tests)
Give students 800,000 dollars to design an urban public school (add $100,000 if you are taking standardized tests)
Give students 1,600,000 dollars to design a private school
Teacher salary $20,000 - $40,000 (depending upon qualifications)
Building facilities $200,000 for a basic building
$300,000 for a building with carpet, nice classrooms and materials
$400,000 for the above building with state of the art computers, security,
and really nice desks/chairs for students
$500,000 for the best facility you could possibly imagine
Textbooks $3000 per grade level for computers and multi-media
& materials $3000 per grade level for books
$3000 per lab (this meaning science classes, music classes, art classes,
shop classes drama classes, gym classes and any other discipline which materials other than desks/books)
Additional items $50,000 for a pool
$20,000 for a catering service providing excellent food at cafeteria
MANDATORY COSTS
$50,000 for head administrator
$50,000 for administrative staff
$50,000 for school lawyer
$10,000 state and local tax
$40,000 for additional staff and maintenance of school